Current status, topographical constraints, and implementation strategy of municipal solid waste in India: a review

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the key components India’s prominent mission “Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.” Rising urbanization, faster economic growth, and lifestyle changes all contribute to higher generation in India. Unscientific treatment, improper collection, low use technology-based solutions for handling MSW lead hazards like environmental degradation, water pollution, air soil pollution. The review paper describes current status different states union territories as well reviews generation, characteristics, processing methods practiced It also highlighted government policy various geographic constraints while rolling out an effective municipal management (MSWM) system. Furthermore, a comparison has been described advanced, developing, lesser developed countries based on adopted technology, policies, infrastructure. study will help decision-makers scholars formulate more strategies way forward plan MSWM.